![]() Cranial roof - comprised of the frontal, occipital and two parietal bones.It encloses and protects the brain, meninges, and cerebral vasculature.Īnatomically, the cranium can be subdivided into a roof and a base: The cranium (also known as the neurocranium) is formed by the superior aspect of the skull. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the bones of the skull - their orientation, articulations, and clinical relevance. The bones of the skull can be considered as two groups: those of the cranium (which consist of the cranial roof and cranial base) and those of the face. It is comprised of many bones, which are formed by intramembranous ossification, and joined by sutures (fibrous joints). The skull is a bony structure that supports the face and forms a protective cavity for the brain. Displaced fractures can damage the nearby infraorbital nerve, leading to ipsilateral paraesthesia of the check, nose, and lip. Zygomatic arch fracture – associated with trauma to the side of the face.Clinical features include pain at fracture site and misalignment of the teeth (malocclusion) ![]() Mandibular fracture – often bilateral occurring directly at the side of trauma, and indirectly at the contralateral side due to transmitted forces.Fractures affecting of maxillary bones are classified using the Le Fort classification, ranging from 1 to 3. Maxillary fracture – associated with high-energy trauma.There is often significant soft tissue swelling and associated epistaxis. Nasal fracture – the most common facial fracture, due to the prominent position of the nasal bones at the bridge of the nose.The four most common facial fracture types are: ![]()
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